This software version performs every specified function perfectly. It was decided to modify a couple of navigation procedures for more ergonomic user interface, and to add certain features including the ability to adjust the LCD on time and brightness, to lock and color code saved setups and to format Micro SD Cards.
These firmware changes are expected during the week of October 5. Upon successful evaluation of firmware Version 22 we expect to be ready to begin shipping Cyber Commander within the USA with the following caveat: This is a complex and revolutionary wireless remote control center and it is suggested that early adopters not assume this to be a simple instrument. When used with classic Paul C. Buff lights, in conjunction with CyberSync™ CSR+ or CSRB+ receivers (one per controlled light), Cyber Commander requires careful attention to the operation manual and a fair amount of preliminary setup and identification of the various lights connected to it.
A preliminary version of the CYBER COMMANDER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS can be viewed HERE. Viewing these instructions will give the potential buyer a complete overview of the capabilities of Cyber Commander and of the degree of setup that is required for successful operation with classic Paul C. Buff flash systems.
It should be remembered that Cyber Commander brings features and capabilities to essentially all Paul C. Buff flash systems made since 1986 . . . capabilities that were not originally designed into these lights and which are vastly beyond the scope of any competitive lighting system, past, current or proposed. Thus, Cyber Commander combines the protocols of look-backward and look-forward in furthering the Paul C. Buff concept of continuing compatibility and the avoidance of obsolescence.
We at Paul C. Buff, Inc. are proud of having a continued and unrivaled level of cross compatibility from product generation to generation. This effort has complicated the design process and has resulted in substantial departures from our projected product release dates . . . delays that we apologize for.
When the next generation Einstein lights become available, most of the user setup required for classic Paul C. Buff lights will be unnecessary and the system will be essentially plug and play.
It should be noted that Cyber Commander employs a standard Micro SD card in order to allow archiving and backup of intricate light setups and, importantly, to allow free and easy-to-perform firmware updates in the event of future added capabilities or bug fixes.
Concurrently, we are working with a new vendor to make certain improvements to PLM. These improvements include better workmanship, slight reshaping of the frame and fabric to optimize focusing even further, improved design of diffuser fabrics for better fit and more secure attachment, and changing and strengthening the shaft diameter to 7mm for decreased bending and for the ability to directly connect to certain European monolights that won’t hold the current 8mm shafts. We are also shortening the shafts so they don’t protrude as far behind the light units when in use. We are also replacing the current 42” size with a 48” version. Second generation PLMs are anticipated in December 2009. Availability, particularly of the 86” Silver PLM, may be limited between now and December due to extremely high demand.
Current PLMs have been very well-received by the industry and early adopters, and are rapidly creating an exciting new style of lighting for fashion and architectural photography as well as many other uses, often replacing softboxes and other modifiers that have less efficiency and control.
We are delighted with the efficiency and lighting capabilities of the Silver PLM. It is a fundamental departure from other much more expensive “Giant Parabolics” and is, without question, the most efficient light modifier in existence. Many early users are now using Silver PLMs in sports photography and in lighting large groups from substantial distances with low to modest power monolights.
This is a fundamental departure from essentially all competitive monoflash units whose flash durations typically lengthen as reduced. A further advantage is that the usual long trailing edge of the flash output is eliminated. This trailing edge is the primary cause of limited action stopping capability and “ghosting” in competitive studio flash units. Einstein 640 achieves t.1 flash durations as short as 1/10,000 second for exceedingly sharp action stopping. The standard “t.5” flash duration specification is only applicable at the full power end of Einstein 640’s power range. Throughout most of the range the t.5 and t.1 times are essentially the same and are exceedingly short. For a discussion of t.5 and t.1 flash durations and IGBT characteristics, please see “Flash Duration Explained”.
Another disadvantage of most monoflash units is the characteristic shift in color temperature as power is reduced. Thanks to the IGBT switching of the flashtube, Einstein 640 offers a constant color mode wherein the color temperature remains within +/- 50°K over its entire vast power adjustment range. Einstein 640 features a tightly voltage regulated 250W quartz modeling lamp that precisely tracks flashpower over the entire nine f-stop power range. No adjustment or lamp changing is needed to charge from power lines anywhere in the world. Unlike most digitally controlled monoflash units, Einstein 640 is designed for crash-free operation when powered by low power pure sine wave battery to AC inverters such as Vagabond.
The flashtube and modeling lamp are contained within a removable frosted Pyrex dome that serves to assure an exacting relationship between flash and modeling patterns, and to further reduce UV emission from the UV coated flashtube. The glass dome, of course, also protects the lamps from damage or shock hazard when attaching and removing light modifiers, and eliminates reflector hotspots or pattern irregularities often found on competitive flash units.
Einstein 640 features a fast 1.7 second recycle time to 640WS, with correspondingly faster recycle times at reduced power. It is amply fan-cooled and features extensive protection against damage from excessive firing rates or from any fault condition that might occur. Thus it is designed for reliable heavy commercial/industrial use.
The rear panel features a large illuminated LCD that displays all parameters, including t.1 flash durations and color temperature, WS, Modeling watts, EU-style power numbers and other parameters. Power is controlled in 1/10 f-stop digital controls and is accurate and consistent to typically 1/10f over the entire power range. Additional features include ready beeper, switchable light-sensitive slave, and the ability to power down the unit remotely from Cyber Commander. An “Easy Setup” button allows the preconfigured plug and play parameters used in the majority of situations.
An improved Balcar-style accessory mount securely attaches all Paul C. Buff accessories designed for White Lightning, AlienBees and Zeus lighting systems and all third party accessories that offer the Balcar/WL/AB standard mount. Improved umbrella attachment securely holds standard umbrella shafts up to 9mm in a position close to the lamp axis.
The anticipated price for Einstein is $439.95 and the optional transceiver cost is $29.95 (model# CSXCV).
As many customers are aware, Project Einstein™ has been in progress in parallel with the development of CyberSync™ and Cyber Commander™ since early 2008. These products are tightly intertwined and together form the core of the next generation of Paul C. Buff studio flash products. It should be pointed out that all of these, as other Paul C. Buff products, have been conceived and designed by our founder and President, Paul C. Buff.
Paul’s work consists of the product concepts, function, ergonomics, marketability analysis, cost and quality control, mechanical concept, engineering and CAD design, circuit design and overseeing of all aspects of development and marketing. Dr. Michael Morgan assists Paul in his position as Chief Engineer.
Those who know Paul are keenly aware that his work is performed at an exceedingly rapid pace. But, at age 73, Paul tends to hang onto a sometimes-optimistic view of the capabilities and work pace of third-party vendors and consultants. This has not presented much of a problem to Paul’s past efforts because there was little need for, in particular, third-party engineering consultants.
However, the next-generation product line involves certain advanced technologies that are outside of Paul’s engineering experience and capabilities.
The original Einstein designs required a high level of technical expertise in the area of high efficiency switch mode power supplies of complex nature and demanding performance requirements. Thus, a respected group of consultants was selected to do the engineering of the power supply elements of Einstein. They offered time, cost and performance estimates that projected a timely and cost-effective completion of a design that would suit the Einstein requirements. The projected design time frame was 90 days.
After one year of work, the consultants were unable to deliver a design that was acceptable. Since coming product announcements had been released prior to this, Paul decided to use a scaled-down version of what had been developed in an alternative product named AB Max. Five months later, AB Max was indeed designed and functional and all parts needed to begin production had been purchased. However, upon thorough evaluation and testing, Paul concluded the power supply design work was too marginalized, not cost-effective and possibly prone to reliability problems . . . not suitable for prime time.
At this point Paul announced that he would not release the AB Max product for the reasons stated, feeling such a release could possibly bring more damage to the company’s reputation than would the failure to deliver a promised product on time.
At this point it was decided that all previous power supply work would be scrapped and that the product would be designed in-house, using technologies that both Paul and Dr. Morgan were well experienced in. In the redesign process it was decided to restore most of the features of the original Einstein concept, so the product will have capabilities quite beyond those announced for AB Max.
This work began on July 15. Since that time we have completely designed and prototyped the entire product in-house and are now ready to begin the process of drafting production circuit boards and programming the microprocessor and LCD display firmware.
The redesigned housing molds are due to be finished in about 15 days and most parts needed to build the product are in stock. At this point the best estimate we can give for production of this product is mid December 2009.


Figure 1 depicts the typical characteristics of a Xenon flashtube. When the tube is fired there is rapid ionization period as the tube output rises to maximum brightness. This is followed by an exponential decline in tube current, voltage and light as the capacitors are discharged to zero.
The standard engineering term for stating flash duration is “t.5”. This describes the time it takes for 50% of the total flashpower to be dissipated. Whenever the simple designation “Flash Duration” is specified it can be assumed to be the t.5 spec.
However, the t.5 spec doesn’t adequately predict the actual motion freezing capability of a flash. There is a much longer trailing edge that continues to emit the remaining 50% of the light. This causes considerably more motion blur than the t.5 spec implies. In order to better compare flash duration specs to an equivalent shutter speed, the term “t.1” was introduced by the photo industry. t.1 specifies the time it takes for 90% of the total flash to be emitted. But even following the t.1 time there is still light being emitted at sufficient intensity to cause some ghosting or motion trails.
VARIABLE VOLTAGE CONTROL OF FLASHPOWER The vast majority of studio monoflash units, regardless of price, control the flashpower by varying the voltage to which the flash capacitors are charged. Figure 2 depicts such a flash when the power is reduced to 50%. Notice the discharge curve is similar to the Full Power curve, but that the intensity is reduced and the discharge time is slower. Both the t.1 and t.5 flash durations are longer because of the reduced voltage and flashtube current.
COLOR TEMPERATURE AND VARIABLE VOLTAGE Another result of the reduced voltage and current is a lowering of color temperature that is proportional to the amount of power reduction via voltage variable means.
SUMMATION OF VARIABLE VOLTAGE FLASH CHARACTERISTICS
Flash units using variable voltage power control can be summarized as exhibiting an increase of about 20% in flash duration time and about 75°K decrease in color temperature per f-stop of power reduction.
IGBT CONTROL OF FLASHPOWER
Essentially all low power camera flashes (speedlights) employ IGBT control of flash power instead of variable voltage control. This technology is easily implemented in low power units, but only recently have IGBT devices become available with sufficient power handling capacity for use in higher powered studio flash, especially those offering fast flash durations.
In looking at FIGURES 3, 4 and 5, it is seen that, in an IGBT flash, the voltage and current remain constant as power is reduced and that power is reduced by abruptly shutting the tube off once the desired amount of light has been emitted. This results in flash durations that become shorter and shorter as power is reduced, as well as the complete elimination of the exponential flash tail that is responsible for motion blur in non-IGBT flash units.
Notice in Figure 2 that a 50% power reduction in a conventional studio flash lengthens the t.1 flash duration from 1/666 second to 1/500 second while the same power reduction in an IGBT flash (Figure 4) shortens the t.1 duration to 1/2200 second and that the trailing edge tail is completely removed.
Figure 5 illustrates the extremely short 1/10,000 second t.1 time when the power is more dramatically reduced.
COLOR TEMPERATURE WITH IGBT CONTROL It should be understood that the color temperature of a flashtube is, in part, determined by the voltage and current at which it is operated. In Figures 1 and 3, the color temperature emitted is not constant throughout the discharge period. Rather, the color temperature is higher (more blue) at the beginning of the discharge and becomes lower (more red) as the waveform declines. Thus, it is the average of the beginning and ending color temperatures that form the effective color temperature for the exposure.
Speedlights typically produce higher and higher color temperature as power is reduced because of discarding the lower color temperature “tail” and keeping the higher color temperature initial portion.
EINSTEIN 640 When used in its CONSTANT COLOR mode, Einstein combines IGBT shutoff of the flash tube with an exacting digital adjustment of the capacitor voltage in order to achieve a constant 5600° +/- 50°K color temperature at any power setting. In ACTION MODE, Einstein allows the color temperature to rise slightly as power is reduced as a means of achieving the fastest possible flash durations. Both the t.1 flash duration and the color temperature are displayed on the rear panel LCD in all modes and at all power settings.